Rhetorical Analysis Of President Obama s Speech - 1407 Words

In his 2009 Inaugural Address, President Barack Obama gave an impassioned speech filled with extended metaphors along the lines of movement, travel, and a journey. In fact, much of his economic language throughout the first 100 days of his presidency followed this theme. Obama’s use of these metaphors served to characterize the economic crisis, unite the American people, and frame his perspective on the role of the presidency. Thus, through analysis of his rhetoric, we learn that metaphors really do matter. Generally, people see metaphors as a device of the poetic or literary imagination: a figure of speech or a rhetorical flourish. However, metaphors are so much more. First, they form a kind of conceptual system, influencing both cognition and emotion. They frame how people think about difficult or complex problems. â€Å"The importance of metaphors to language in general, and rhetoric in particular, cannot be overstated. Metaphors are the foundational element of language th rough which our concepts and meanings are formed† (Cox). Second, they provide insight into the rhetor’s thoughts, opinions, and attitudes. The metaphors one chooses to employ act like an ideological footprint, identifying how the person truly feels or thinks. When Obama was elected in 2008, the United States’ economy was in shambles. The housing market had imploded, Bush had begun government bailout programs of roughly one trillion dollars, and the citizens were deeply concerned. The general public, andShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of President Obama s Inauguration Speech Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis: President Obama s Inauguration Speech 2013 President Barack Obama’s campaign theme in 2013 was to bring change throughout the United States, and he continues on with this motto while thanking the American people.He does this by stating the change he plans to bring,how he will bring change, what he values,and the importance of peace and unity. President Obama is addressing all of american people that voted for and against him,by continuously referring to them as a team.HeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Obama s Victory Speech1245 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Obama’s Victory Speech This speech was given by Barack Obama who won 2012 election as the president. I’m going to analysis his voice, audience, speaker’s message and occasion for the speech. Different angle, different view can show all the Obama’s rhetorical words in his victory speech. In 2012, this is Barack Obama’s second inaugural. He had greatest way to put all the rhetorical words in his speech. It was one of the best of his speech so far. Rhetoric was made in fifthRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Bill Clinton s Nomination Speech1566 Words   |  7 PagesA rhetorical analysis of Bill Clinton’s Nomination Speech In a world of politics, many politicians are involved in negative campaigns and as a result healthy conversation among politicians often lead to a disaster. With the endless political news cycles, rhetoric is essential for politicians to deliver their speeches. Therefore, in this essay, the style and delivery of Bill Clinton’s speech at the Democratic National Convention will be examined. 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Lockhart Rhetorical Criticism 2 October 2015 A Neo-Aristotelian Analysis of President Obama’s: Oval Office Address on BP Oil Spill Energy On June 15, 2010, President Barack Obama formally addresses the Deepwater Horizon oil spill to inform people of his plans to contain the oil spill and the nation s need for clean energy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze President Obama’s speech on the BP oil spill using Foss’ neo-Aristotelian method of rhetorical criticism, by which I willRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Obamas Victory Speech831 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Obama`s Victory Speech The presidential victory speech delivered by Barack Obama who is the president to be was held on November 4, 2008, in Grant Park, Chicago. It is about his won election for the office as the president. I will take a closer look on how Obama emphasizes his speech with stylistic devices. The speech is divided into four parts. The first part is from ll. 1-26, the second from ll. 27- 70, the third from ll. 71-9 and the last from ll. 95-105. In the first part of theRead MoreCritical Analysis Essay: On The Death Of Osama Bin Laden1896 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Analysis Essay: On the Death of Osama Bin Laden By Barack Obama Introduction When President Barrack Obama mentioned of the September 11th attack, for a moment the wounds left in the hearts of the Americans started bleeding again. There was nothing that could that could stop the bleeding other than one statement: â€Å"the perpetrator of the attack has been brought to justice†. On the night of 2nd May 2011, the Americans were woken up by the unusual speech delivered by the 44th president of theRead More Rhetoric in the American Immigration Debate Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesthe discourse even more convoluted. In analyzing three prominent voices in the immigration debate, US president Obama, journalist Sonia Nazario, and Arizona congressman J.D. Hayworth, we can evaluate the effectiveness of the different rhetorical approaches by whether or not they reach their intended audiences. Nazario fulfills her journalistic raison d’à ªtre by succeeding at objectivity, while Obama and Hayworth as politicians succeed by lying by omission in speeches an d in writing in order to pursueRead MoreLeader Persuasion1290 Words   |  6 Pages successful leaders utilize and capitalize on the needs and wants of their followers through persuasive word choice High level persons are persuasive; they have to be. Powerful speakers such as Adolf Hitler, Martin Luther King, Jr., and President Barack Obama all have something in common; they all have spoken and appealed to mass audiences using similar speaking techniques. Many of the speaking techniques utilized by these highly influential people are similar to those used by sales representative

Article Review Why Age Matters Essay - 855 Words

Summary of Article: Why Age Matters in the Work Preferences of Public Employees was an interesting journal article that discusses the challenges involved with employing individuals that vastly range in age. With organizations concentrating on age diversity, they are employing individuals that were born in different generations, and range in age from young to retirement age. The challenge for management is that each generation has different goals and expectations from their employer, and management is unable to treat all of these generational groups the same way. It’s a balancing act for management because the older employees are more concerned with job security and high pay, while the younger employees are more concerned with job†¦show more content†¦The senior employees possess all of the knowledge and skills regarding their profession. It is essential for leadership to recognize the benefit of coming up with a plan to retain these older employees that are approa ching retirement age, while at the same time trying to be appealing to younger less skilled employees (Bright, 2010). In my field, age diversity is a big part of the organization, as the more senior employees tend to hold the management positions within the company. The younger employees tend to have a more difficult time being promoted, as most supervisory positions require a minimum amount of work experience to be considered for a new position. Younger employees tend to want more opportunities for advancement and don’t worry so much about compensation (Bright, 2010). This does create a challenge for management, as they need to address the struggles that the younger employees face while balancing this with the issues that the older generations are facing, as each generation has different goals and priorities (Bright, 2010). In order for an organization to be successful, leadership needs to be skilled and trained in dealing with the issues that are created by employing di fferent generations of employees (Notter, 2009). In my profession some of my younger coworkers tend to get discouraged as they are over looked for advancement as they see employees like myself who are givenShow MoreRelatedRehabilitation Is The Best Punishment For Juvenile Crime900 Words   |  4 Pagescrime is†¦retribution, deterrence, and rehabilitation also known as correction in the juvenile court system. There is no doubt that if a crime is committed, the offender should and shall be punished. The doubt come in when the offender(s) are under the age of eighteen which is the majority for most states. A juvenile crime is different case-by-case, therefore, there is a debate on the severity of the punishment. 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Napoleon Bonaparte Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Napoleon Bonaparte Persuasive Essay Napoleon Bonaparte, who was also known as the Little Corsican (and later known as Emperor of France, and the prime mover of the Napolionic Wars), was born on August 15, in 1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica. From 1784 to 1785, Napoleon attended the Ecole Militire in Paris, where he received his military training. After the French Monarchy was overthrown on August 10, 1792, Napoleon decided to make his move up in the ranks. In 1793, Napoleon was chosen to direct the artillery against the siege in Toulon. He seized ground where he could get his guns in range of British ships. Soon after that, Toulon fell and he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. In 1794, he was wed to Josephine de Beauharnais. In 1795 Napoleon was appointed to put down a revolt in Paris. All he did was have his men shoot all the rebels in the streets. The French government was saved, but they decided to form a new government called the Directory. Napoleon was made commander of the French army in Italy, and he could not be stopped. Soon, instead of taking the defensive position Napoleon started taking the offensive position and thus, he started his conquest of Europe. During one attack he showed his bravery by forcing his way across a burning bridge. After that his troops gave him the name Petit Caporal or in English Little Corporal and the name stuck with him. In 1797 Napoleon negotiated a treaty with Austria called Campo Formio. Austria gave up its Netherlands and Lombardy to France. Austria also recognized Rhine as the eastern boundary of France. In return France gave Austria most of the old Venetian Republic. Napoleon returned in 1799 to find that the Directory was a mess. He, in his selfish way, saw this as the perfect time for self-advancement. So in November of 1799 he overthrew the Directory. He set up a government called the consulate in which he was the first of three consuls. About three years later, he made himself first consul for life. Everyone in France loved him then. Soon after the change in government, Napoleon began calling himself Napoleon I, instead of General Bonaparte. At this time, Napoleon had complete military and political power. In 1802, Germany and England were tired of fighting, so they signed a peace treaty. During the 14 months that followed, Napoleon drastically changed Europe. He reshaped Switzerland with France. He annexed Piedmont, Parma, and the Island of Elba to France. He also made the Napolionic code, which was the first clear, compact statement of the French law. The Napolionic Code has served as a base for legal systems all over the world. In 1803, war broke out between England and France. He crushed the Prussians at Pena. And he defeated more Russians at Friedland. He then created a peace treaty called the Peace of Tilsit. This basically brought all of Europe to his feet. In 1809 he ended his marriage with Josephine, but remarried again in 1810. At that time, he got a son, which made him very secure. Secure enough to wipe out most of the German states, which totally dissolved what was left of the Holy Roman Empire. Russia did not like Napoleons continental system. The continental system basically cut off trade with Britain. Everyone had found ways to work around it, but Russia finally decided to abandon it. In 1812, Napoleon made a strategic error. Initially defeating the Russians at Borodino, he found the advance into Russia restrained by the burnt-earth strategy practiced by the Russians. As it became cold and wintry, Napoleon retreated from Moscow. .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 , .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 .postImageUrl , .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 , .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0:hover , .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0:visited , .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0:active { border:0!important; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0:active , .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0 .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua16e3368b54d71f73c5051daade53fb0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Myth of Buildeus EssayIn 1814, Napoleon attempted suicide, but failed. He was then exiled to the Island of Elba. In 1815, he escaped from Elba. He collected devotees along the way back to Paris, making a triumphant entry in March 1815, and forcing Louis XVIII to flee to the Netherlands. Over the next 100 days, he raised a new Grand Army, with the aim of striking at the allied armies, currently dispersed. Wellington at Waterloo then defeated him. He then abdicated in favor of his son. He was then exiled to The Atlantic Island of St. Helena. He never saw

Narayans Swami and Friends free essay sample

A novelist of all humanity R. K. Narayan’s novels are like a box of Indian sweets: a highly-coloured container conceals a range of delectable treats, all di? erent in a subtle way, but each one clearly from the same place. There are fourteen novels in the oeuvre – enough to create a world. Enthusiasts of his work will read them all and return to them time and again. The busy, or the less committed, may open the box and take out one at random – it does not really matter which order one reads them in. But be warned: the consumption of one leads to a strong craving for more. Narayan’s life spanned the twentieth century, which meant that he belonged both to an old world and a new. At the time of his birth in , the British Raj, that astonishing imperial conceit, was ? rmly in place, as were those iron-clad notions of caste that were to prove so di? cult to shrug o?. The British presence in India had brought with it a large civil service, an educational system, and railways – to all of which institutions the people of the subcontinent took with enthusiasm. But it had also brought with it a language, and the literature which that language created, and it is this which proved a most productive legacy. The British took English to India and the Indians gave back a literary tradition which continues to delight and enrich us to this day. Contemporary writers such as Vikram Seth, Rohinton Mistry, or Anita Desai, whose novels have given such pleasure to readers in Europe and North America, stand rooted in a tradition which R. K. Narayan, as one of the earlier Indian novelists to write in English, did a great deal to establish. Although Narayan did not draw attention to his personal life, he did write a memoir, My Days, which tells us a great deal about his boyhood years and the inception and development of his literary career. His childhood was fairly typical of that of a middle-class boy of the time. His father was the headmaster vii R. K. NARAYAN of a school, a somewhat stern ? gure in his professional life, and this connection with the world of education is very much apparent in the earlier novels, where schools, colleges, and the whole business of becoming educated play a major role. His father’s job required mobility, and Narayan spent a number of childhood years living with his grandmother in Madras. Eventually, though, he joined his parents in Mysore, where he attended the school presided over by his father. He became a voracious reader, wading through the books and magazines which arrived on his father’s desk for the school library. As he wrote in My Days: My father did not mind our taking away whatever we wanted to read – provided we put them back on his desk without spoiling them, as they had to be placed on the school’s reading-room table on Monday morning. So our week-end reading was full and varied. We could dream over the advertisement pages in the Boys’ Own Paper or the Strand Magazine. Through the Strand we made the acquaintance of all English writers: Conan Doyle, Wodehouse, W. W. Jacobs, Arnold Bennett, and every English ? ction writer worth the name . . . Through Harper’s and the Atlantic, and American Mercury we attained glimpses of the New World and its writers. This sense of distance, of being a participant in a culture and yet not being of it, is a familiar feature of the literature of what is now the British Commonwealth and it is vividly portrayed in Narayan’s novels. Colonialism hurt and damaged those subjected to it, but it would be inaccurate to portray the process as being a simple matter of subjugation and humiliation; it was far more complex than that. The writer in the colonized country tended to soak up the culture of the colonial power and feel a familiarity and some a? ection for it, even though the experience of colonialism may have demoralized and destabilized his own colonized culture. This damage, although it may later be seen for what it is, is passed over: in his mind he is a member-in-waiting of a broader community of letters. His aspirations, though, are likely to be dashed; his yearning unful? lled. Although he may not realize it, the metropolitan culture is largely indi? erent to him and his world: the literary circles after which he yearns are distant, impossibly out of reach. Of course, the conquest is feasible, and literary doors viii INTRODUCTION may open. Narayan himself made it, as did others, although some did so by leaving the culture in which they had been brought up. Narayan remained in India – an Indian writer who was happy to be read by those outside India but who remained ? rmly within the world into which he had been born. The young Narayan was not a great scholar. Having failed his university entrance examinations, he spent a year reading and writing before he eventually succeeded in being admitted to the BA course at Maharaja’s College. During this year he acquired a copy of a book called How to Sell your Manuscripts and started to send his literary e? orts o? to magazines in London. He met with no success, encountering for the ? rst time those pieces of paper so familiar, and yet so devastating, to the aspiring writer – the printed rejection slip. In due course he completed his studies and graduated as a Bachelor of Arts. There then followed various attempts by his father and others to secure him a position. These were mostly unsuccessful, although they eventually bore fruit in the shape of a teaching post where he was immediately required to teach Tennyson’s Morte d’Arthur to a class of burly and uncooperative boys who had no interest in poetry. His teaching career was a dismal failure and shortly afterwards he walked out of the school and returned home. That was that: he would become a writer. How many have made that decision, and how many have failed. And how many aspiring writers have written their ? rst novel in the belief that it is ?  ction, only to discover that it is really about them, and, quite commonly, about their childhood. Swami and Friends, Narayan’s ? rst novel, is a novel of boyhood which draws heavily on his own experiences. Narayan sent the typescript to a series of publishers in London and became accustomed to having it returned at regular intervals. He expe rienced similar rejection with the short stories which he was now writing, although he eventually succeeded in his ambition to get into print abroad when a piece he wrote for Punch magazine in London was accepted and produced a handsome fee of six guineas. Narayan was to use this small measure of success to persuade his future father-in-law that the ?nancial prospects of a writer were not entirely gloomy. But he needed more than this: the ix R. K. NARAYAN unsuitability of his horoscope was seen by his intended bride’s family as being a major drawback to a possible match, and it was only after lengthy discussions that the marriage was able to go ahead. Narayan’s personal experience of the vagaries of matrimonial astrology was later re? ected in the highly amusing account of astrological discussions in his second novel, The Bachelor of Arts. Now married, Narayan began to earn a living as a journalist. Swami and Friends was still doing the rounds in London, with no success, and in desperation he wrote to a friend in Oxford, advising him that if the manuscript were to be returned to him from the publisher who was then considering it, he should weigh it down with a stone and throw it in the Thames. Fortunately the friend ignored this instruction and continued to show the manuscript to prospective publishers. Eventually he showed it to Graham Greene, who was then living in Oxford, and asked him to read it. It sat on Greene’s desk for some weeks and then eventually, in one of those moments of great good fortune which occur from time to time in literary history, Greene was su? ciently excited by the book to recommend and secure its publication in October . The publication of a ? rst novel is one thing, security in the literary world is another. Swami and Friends was well-reviewed, but was not a commercial success. In the years that followed, Narayan had to seek a variety of di? erent publishers, and it was to be some time before his reputation was secured amongst a wide international audience. His personal circumstances were also sometimes di? cult. In his wife, Rajam, died of typhoid. Narayan was devastated. In My Days he wrote: I have described this part of my experience of her sickness and death in The English Teacher so fully that I do not, and perhaps cannot, go over it again. More than any other book, The English Teacher is autobiographical in content, very little part of it being ? ction . . . The toll that typhoid took and all the desolation that followed, with a child to look after, and the psychic adjustments, are based on my own experience. After the publication of his fourth novel, The English Teacher, in , Narayan’s writing entered a period of greater maturity x INTRODUCTION and con? dence. The autobiographical element which had been so obvious in his earlier writing became less prominent, allowing him to develop his characters more freely. With the growing critical success of his novels in the West, he began to lead the life of the successful literary ? gure both in India and abroad. He travelled widely and, in time, was showered with honours. He did not leave his accustomed milieu, though, which was Mysore, where he built himself a house, went for rambling and talkative walks, and savoured the quotidian pursuits of life, including agriculture, which he studied with interest. In he was appointed to membership of the Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of the Indian Parliament. His inaugural speech there was on the subject of Indian children. Children, he said, were being deprived of time to play or to look at birds and trees. In he died. His mind was clear to the end, and on his death-bed he spoke of his desire to write another novel. This was the man who had confessed to friends: ‘I have become lazy since I entered my nineties. ’ Narayan’s novels are sometimes described as simple. The prose is indeed limpid, the descriptions clear, and the emphasis is on direct and intelligible storytelling, invoking a cast of vivid characters. To the modern reader, accustomed to arti? ce and allusion, this may give the books a slightly dated feel, and yet it is this quality of simplicity and directness which makes them such ? ne works of art. Narayan is a storyteller ?  rst and foremost, a characteristic which puts him in the company of the great nineteenth-century novelists as well as those twentiethcentury writers, such as Somerset Maugham, who believed that the novelist’s business is to narrate. His storytelling, though, sometimes has a somewhat rambling ? avour, with plots that can wander and which sometimes betray an absence of resolution. But this is not necessarily a ? aw: real lives are often aimless and unresolved, and when we read of such lives in literature we are quick to recognize their authenticity. There is nothing false in the world which Narayan creates – quite the opposite, in fact: these novels convey the taste and texture of India with a vividness which strikes the reader as utterly true. Even those who have no ? rst-hand experience of India will xi R. K. NARAYAN feel that what they experience in reading these books is a taste of the real place. The favoured setting of Narayan’s novels is Malgudi, an imaginary town which he describes as having ‘swum into view’ when he sat down to write Swami and Friends. Malgudi provides the strong sense of place which su? uses these books. This is India distilled – an urban India, but one in which a hinterland of jungle, of small villages, of wide plains is still present. When we read about Malgudi we feel we are there, and this powerful impression is created not by detailed descriptions of the countryside or buildings, but by the characters themselves and the suggestive nature of their thought and their speech. It is the voice which is distinctive here. It is a voice which is rooted in a world-view quite di? erent from that which we will encounter in, say, a modern novel located in North America or Western Europe. This voice is sensitive to a distinctive tradition in which the accumulated beliefs and social practices of centuries inform the smallest act. It is a wholly di? erent way of looking at the world. The four novels in this volume form the ? rst phase of Narayan’s career as a novelist. In them we see the author working through a number of concerns which, as a young man, were very much on his mind. These include boyhood (Swami and Friends), education and the ? nding of a role in life (The Bachelor of Arts), and marriage (The Dark Room and The English Teacher). In these early novels, we also see the development of Narayan as a writer, as he makes his way to the more mature and con? dent vision of the later novels. Swami and Friends is episodic in nature, which is exactly what the life of a young boy tends to be. Boys on the whole do not to have a long-term plan; they live for the moment, act on impulse, they pursue new enthusiasms and abandon old. Boyhood friendships, though, can persist, even if they may be tempestuous and competitive. The portrayal of Swami’s relationship with Rajam, the son of a senior police o?  cer, reveals how posturing and social embarrassment can loom large in the dealings a boy has with his friends. So many of us can remember the strength of that childhood feeling that our friends have more impressive xii INTRODUCTION parents, houses, cars, than we do. Narayan paints a deft picture of that particular anxiety. In Swami and Friends we are given an early sight of the humour which runs through Narayan’s novels. One of the features of British colonialism was the export of cricket, a game which strikes North Americans as being opaque and slowmoving. But at the time that Swami was written, cricket was more than just a sport – it stood, quite absurdly, for the whole ethos of an empire. Thus although we see Swami raised to heights of indignation by a political orator who laments the passivity of his countrymen which has allowed them to be dominated by an alien power, when it comes to cricket the boy is su? ciently enthusiastic to spend some time trying to explain what the game is all about to his aged grandmother. This comic scene, like so much of Narayan’s humour, has a strong poignancy to it. The grandmother represents the old India, a world in which cricket is not played. Her ignorance of the rules is a vivid metaphor for the extent to which the old and the new India are di? erent worlds. The cricket episode also allows Narayan to portray the naive aspirations of the boys. This is a familiar theme in many of his works, where so many of the characters are striving for something which is often just beyond their grasp. Narayan’s second novel, The Bachelor of Arts, again contains autobiographical elements but is much more satisfying in its structure than Swami. Chandran, the protagonist of this novel, is a typical Narayan hero – he is modest, slightly at odds with his surroundings, and engaged in a search. The search in this case is for freedom, and it takes place in the face of all the constraints which the Hindu family and wider Indian society can place in the way of a young man eager to ? nd himself. It is in this novel that we see one of Narayan’s main preoccupations come to the fore. This is marriage, and the complexities that Indian marriage involved and, indeed, still involves. Contemporary Westerners are sometimes astounded by the sheer fuss involved in an Indian marriage. In particular, the elaborate negotiations and the very large sums of money spent on celebrations impress outsiders, especially those who are accustomed to relatively informal weddings. The traditional xiii R. K. NARAYAN Hindu marriage, however, is an altogether di? erent thing from the typical arrangements of a Western couple: it involves the families on both sides, who are strongly interested in the suitability of the other side for a union. This means that the young man or young woman who nurtures hopes of a love-match, detached from considerations of social position or caste, may be heading for a major confrontation with family members who have very di? erent ideas. The Bachelor of Arts tells of a young man whose views of life, including marriage, are more ‘modern’ than those of his family. His relatives are immersed in the traditional beliefs of their religion: marriage is not a matter of personal choice, but something that is divinely ordained. As Chandran’s mother points out to her son: ‘It is all a matter of fate . You can marry only the person whom you are destined to marry and at the appointed time. When the time comes, let her be the ugliest girl, she willlook all right to the destined eye. ’ And in a letter which he writes to Chandran’s father, the intended bride’s own father says: ‘. . . we can only propose. He on the Thirupathi Hills alone knows what is best for us. ’ When Chandran’s horoscope is found to involve incompatibilities with that of the girl whom he wishes to marry, the full force of this fatalistic view of human a? airs comes home to him. What can a young man do in such circumstances other than give in or defy the convictions of everybody about him? And the prospect of revolt defeats Chandran, who is ultimately drawn back into the world of family and tradition, even although he does succeed in negotiating for himself a certain freedom. This process of selfexploration, challenge, and ? nally reconciliation is a familiar theme in Narayan’s ? ction. In a sense it mirrors Narayan’s own life as a man whose vision and understanding transported him beyond the rigid beliefs and practices of his society but never took him away from that society. And that central message – that we can be ourselves to an extent but that we all need to be anchored in society – is really a very attractive feature of these novels. Ultimately we feel comfortable and secure in reading Narayan because we detect in his work a resolution, an acceptance that we ourselves need in our own lives. If there is a great deal of light and freedom in these two xiv INTRODUCTION charming early novels, then in his third novel, The Dark Room, we enter graver, more disturbing territory. The portrait of this domestic tyrant is a compelling one, and we are also appalled, but fascinated, by the coquettish Shanta Bai, with whom he starts an a? air. The conduct of this a? air is beautifully described as Narayan directs his gaze at the shoddiness and deception of the o? ce romance. At the end of the day the patient Savitri, driven to an attempt at suicide as the only way out of her intolerable situation, returns to the matrimonial home and her unapologetic husband, defeated by centuries of custom. Hers is an awful fate, and although the position of women in traditional societies has improved, we might leave this book remembering that there are many women for whom this story would still ring very true. Marriage again plays a central role in The English Teacher. Narayan lost his wife to typhoid, and that is what happens to the central character, Krishna, in this novel. It is very sad, and very painful – just as it must have been for him in real life. The grief here is described with great tenderness, in passages that are quite haunting in their simplicity. The prose is like a funeral bell: solemn and resonant. As in the earlier novels, the idea of acceptance looms large: ultimately the hero, Krishna, has to accept the fact of the loss of his wife and the loneliness that follows. He has fought against this brute fact by attempting to communicate with her through paranormal means, but this leads nowhere, in the same way as all the smoke and mirrors of the various mystic ? gures who parade through Malgudi seem ultimately to lead nowhere. R. K. Narayan is a much beloved novelist, and for very good reason. Although the books in this volume were all written more than half a century ago, they are the freshest, the xv R. K. NARAYAN  most sparkling of gems. The struggle of the characters against social restrictions, their struggle to be something other than that which social destiny appears to be forcing them to be, are struggles with which we can all identify to a greater or lesser extent. As Samuel Johnson observed, many people waste part of their lives trying to be something they are not. Even tually, of course, they may come to realize what they really are, and if that happens to be a citizen of a small town, rather like Narayan’s Malgudi, bound up with neighbours and their concerns, sewn into a family and a nation, then there are very much worse fates than that. Alexander McCall Smith A M? C S is a professor of medical law at Edinburgh University. He was born in what is now known as Zimbabwe and taught law at the University of Botswana. He is the author of over ? fty books on a wide range of subjects, including the internationally bestselling novels of the No. ? Ladies Detective Agency series and the Sunday Philosophy Club series. He lives in Scotland. xvi

Patricide Essays - Death, Homicide, Law, Fatherhood, Patricide

Patricide In the time of the Romans, the punishment for patricide was to be sewn up in a sack that had a monkey, snake, rooster, and dog inside, and then to be thrown in a river. Each of the animals in the bag had some specific meaning to them, and being sewn up in a sack and tossed into the river also had a specific function to the murderer. Thus this punishment became the proper way to punish the guilty. In the Roman era, patricide had become a major problem, so it was decided that for whomever held a title in Rome, there would be a meeting to discuss how to get rid of the problem and punish appropriately. The title holders decided that the best way to punish the young men, and to stop them from thinking of committing the sin, was to make them die, as well as make them feel everything their father had, and to regret their crime. This decision then became the chosen consequence for the crime of patricide. The significance of the animals was to torture the perpetrator in a particular way for his crime. The importance of the snake was that the snake was evil, dating back to the Garden of Eden, where it posed as the Devil and deceived Eve. While the victim was alive, the snake would be there to remind him of the ultimate sin-the deception of one's own father. The rooster is primarily known for his crowing, and thus his crows would remind the sinner of his guilt, so that he couldn't escape from what he did. The dog's function in the sack would be to howl, not only to be deafening and frightening, but also to evoke the wrath of the gods upon him. The monkey represents torture, because it is capable of mimicking human actions. It would mimic the son's behavior and re-enact the murder of the son's All four of these animals perform at least one role in torturing the boy, and so that he would be forced to think about what he had done to his father. The purpose of the sack was to increase tenfold the agony which his father suffered, and also to make him regret his decision to kill his father. With each passing moment, the torment would get progressively worse, so that the boy would get a taste of the Hell that was to be his afterlife, as punishment for committing patricide. The sack represented a way in which to make the boy suffer much more, and quickly before he drowned. The son was thrown into the river so that he could feel the way his father's panic when he killed him. The water would serve to scare the son in the way his father felt when he realized that his own son had turned on him. The sewn sack would prevent the son's escape so he would realize there would be no turning back from his actions. These different elements of punishment combined to make the murderer truly suffer each aspect of the crime through the torture. The closed sack with animal reminders of different aspects of the murder would serve as a deterrent to living observers. This ritual is a fitting punishment for the crime.

Free Essays on A View From The Bridge

Kirstie Hartley Examine the ideas of Manliness, Hostility and Aggression in ‘A View from the Bridge’. How are these ideas connected? In this essay I am going to be examining the ideas of manliness, hostility and aggression in ‘a View from the Bridge’ a play by Arthur Miller. I will be looking at how these ideas are connected. Eddie Carbone, the plays protagonist, has very set ideas of what it is to be a man. His views are probably influenced by the era and culture he has grown up in. as an American of Sicilian descent, his views on being a man are probably even more rigid than other men’s in the 1950s. Eddies views on manliness are based around the ideas of protecting your family and loved ones, providing for your family and keeping your pride and dignity. Eddie tries his very best to keep to these things as he feels very strongly of being a man. He shows this by showing concern when Catherine buys a new skirt. He says, â€Å"Where you going all dressed up?† and, â€Å"It’s too short ain’t it?† He is concerned because he doesn’t want her attracting too much attention from other men, like when he says, â€Å"I don’t like the looks they’re giving you in the candy store†. This links in with the idea of protecting your family because he doesn’t trust other men and doesn’t want Catherine getting hurt. He tells her, â€Å"Don’t trust nobody†, and, â€Å"Believe me Katie, the less you trust, the less you’ll be sorry†. Eddie isn’t very happy when Catherine tells him she has a job, he thinks she should carry on at school and says, â€Å"What job? She’s gonna finish school. No- no, you gonna finish school†. I think he is more worried about himself and his pride than Catherine’s education because Eddie sees himself as the traditional manly man, he is the breadwinner, and he looks after his wife and niece. He is worried that once she becomes more independent, going out to work and earning her own money,... Free Essays on A View From The Bridge Free Essays on A View From The Bridge Kirstie Hartley Examine the ideas of Manliness, Hostility and Aggression in ‘A View from the Bridge’. How are these ideas connected? In this essay I am going to be examining the ideas of manliness, hostility and aggression in ‘a View from the Bridge’ a play by Arthur Miller. I will be looking at how these ideas are connected. Eddie Carbone, the plays protagonist, has very set ideas of what it is to be a man. His views are probably influenced by the era and culture he has grown up in. as an American of Sicilian descent, his views on being a man are probably even more rigid than other men’s in the 1950s. Eddies views on manliness are based around the ideas of protecting your family and loved ones, providing for your family and keeping your pride and dignity. Eddie tries his very best to keep to these things as he feels very strongly of being a man. He shows this by showing concern when Catherine buys a new skirt. He says, â€Å"Where you going all dressed up?† and, â€Å"It’s too short ain’t it?† He is concerned because he doesn’t want her attracting too much attention from other men, like when he says, â€Å"I don’t like the looks they’re giving you in the candy store†. This links in with the idea of protecting your family because he doesn’t trust other men and doesn’t want Catherine getting hurt. He tells her, â€Å"Don’t trust nobody†, and, â€Å"Believe me Katie, the less you trust, the less you’ll be sorry†. Eddie isn’t very happy when Catherine tells him she has a job, he thinks she should carry on at school and says, â€Å"What job? She’s gonna finish school. No- no, you gonna finish school†. I think he is more worried about himself and his pride than Catherine’s education because Eddie sees himself as the traditional manly man, he is the breadwinner, and he looks after his wife and niece. He is worried that once she becomes more independent, going out to work and earning her own money,...

Enterprise risk assessment, audit, and Cyberlaw policy Essay

Enterprise risk assessment, audit, and Cyberlaw policy - Essay Example the structure of any successful enterprise, the continuous data necessary exchange facilitates the efficiency of operation and enables the presence of identifiable risk factors, including the financial risk, operational risk, hazard risks, and strategic risks. The purpose of the plan is the assessment of the various risks that are associated with an interaction network which happens daily between the suppliers, investors, stakeholders, and employees while offering clear guidelines of conducting intentions to mitigate the risks. Mematech Company has consumed a lot of money, time, and human resources to ensure the security of the company is up-to –date. The company has partnered with companies like Symantec. Symantec develops industry’s security software and web security threat analysis for MemaTEch. In the report, the company outlines some of the security trends and threats and then guide on how it can be fixed and prevented. The partner also provides some practices for the company. Therefore, based on the company’s study, MemaTech has ten security practices, procedures and guidelines. The company encrypts its file systems, encrypts stored data, and encrypts the entire wire transfers. Encryption is important because it protects sensitive data and helps in preventing data loss due to equipment loss or through theft. The company also uses digital certificates to sign its sites. MemaTech saves its certificates to hardware machines like the router, or even load balancers. The company has av oided, saving the certificates on their web server and has resolved to obtain their certificate from trusted authorities only. In addition, the company has implemented auditing and DLP. The company uses data loss prevention and auditing of files in monitoring, alerting, identifying, and blocking the data flow out and into the company’s network. MemaTech has implemented are removable policy in the media. Here, the company has restricted using USB drives, thumb drives, external

Macroeconomic Influences and Future Trends Essay

Macroeconomic Influences and Future Trends - Essay Example For instance, the effects of factors like gender, marital status or ethnicity could either be strong or weak depending on their interactions with each other. It is like they borrow something from other factors in order to reinforce the strength of their impacts. Income is important for one simple reason. It determines peoples capability to purchase health care products and services. Wealthy people or wealthy countries are in a better position to secure better health than those from poorer class and countries because they can afford it. Fuchs pointed this out when he explained the relationship between health and income in a cross country analysis, where it was found that life expectancy is related to Gross Domestic Product per capita (Fuchs, 2004, p. 655). The high income class or those people who have the purchasing power also exert influence in the performance of the health care market within several economic principles such as perfect competition. Consumers could help drive up demand for certain products and services. The fact is that strong and capable consumer sector means vibrant health care market that necessitates best performance from all stakeholders such as the government and health care producers. The economic status of countries is also significant in the differences in medical standards followed both in education and in practice. In higher income societies, the health care industry can reach its most ideal condition because most elements are present and working. Such capability also launches several variables such as political pressure. The collective strength of consumers could help shape policymaking as engagement or activism can assume the role of a pressure group. This is significant given the fact that governments h ave the power to intervene, control and regulate health care. In cases of budgetary gaps, for example, the macroeconomic conditions are significantly altered, say, when the government

Windows File Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Windows File Systems - Essay Example This file system was developed to improve on the features that lacked in the FAT 32 file system. The file system was incorporated with features that would allow for enhancing the stability of the versions of Microsoft windows. FAT is another file system that is used by different versions of Microsoft windows. These file systems compares in that, they can be used with the latest versions of Microsoft windows, which are beyond windows 95A, 3X and 7.1 window versions, which can not apply the earlier file systems of FAT 16 (Mendel, 38). Another comparison is in the fact that these file systems allows for the formatting of hard drives with a size beyond 2GB as a single partition. Further, a comparison of these file system is in the fact that they help in avoiding the loss of hard disk space, in form of slack. A feature that these file systems possess in common is that they are all compatible with the windows XP version of Microsoft windows (Carrier, 22). However, there is a contrast among theses file systems. To start with, while the FAT file system can be used with all versions of the Microsoft windows, it is not the case for the FAT 32 and the NFTS file systems. FAT 32-file system is limited to few versions of these windows such as windows95, windows 98, windows XP, and windows 2000. On the other hand, NFTS file system is limited to application with some versions of Microsoft windows such as windows XP, windows 2000 and windows 4NT, while applied with service pack 4 (Mendel, 54). Another contrast as depicted by theses file systems is that, the NFTS file system is more powerful as compared to the other two file systems, and contains with it features that enables it to host active directory, while at the same time possessing security features that are domain based (Carrier, 36). Another contrast is that, while NFTS file system allows for the creation of limited access accounts, which limits the files and the folders that some indivi duals can access in a

LOréal Internal and External Influences

LOrà ©al Internal and External Influences The beauty industry has always been on a rapid move either it being the consumers or the competitors whereby on stake lies millions of dollars to be griped on by the producers of the beauty products. LOreal being the worlds largest beauty firm employing around 50,000 employees worldwide and revenues worth 17.47 billion dollars in 2009. LOreal has created an international brand portfolio for consumers with wide range of incomes and tastes in 140 countries and we know that LOreal has certainly occupied a unique position in the fast pace global beauty environment. The road to success was difficult as a lot of barriers had to be overcome and LOreal manage to that as well as winning the hearts of millions of consumers and therefore being the King in the Industry. (B).THE INTERNAL EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON LOREAL (B.1). INTERNAL INFLUENCES Mission and Vision LOreal operates with a distinctive global vision and market approach that have all been oriented to the fast growing global personal care market whereby their core values always have lied in integrity, responsibility and respect for the people and environment and thus satisfying and empowering the consumers further and thus allowing them to become a leader in Corporate Consumer Responsibility. Goals and objectives LOreal goals and objectives have always made them outstanding in the rest in the market as it always focused its strategy on achieving internal growth which was largely influenced by the ideas of acquisitions either it being strategic or tactical it has clearly lead to the overall growth of the business. Organisation Structure- LOreal has had a unique matrix structure as a result of this it has lead to effective communication throughout the whole organisation as well as developing effective market strategies and new product ideas. The matrix structure improved coordination with the rest of the departments in the organisation as well as on shared technologies and allowed information to move easily and feedback. Employees This has been a major influence on the organisations success as all employees are treated as assets in the company and all most all the employees have developed trusting relationships with their jobs as a result better working relations. Decision making- Decision making tends to be decentralized in the organisation thus allowing faster decisions to be made. Fast and flexible decision making willing to take risks has led them implore onto new opportunities in the market. Culture- LOreal has been built on strong values which have shaped culture and have guided the organisation throughout the life of the company whereby customer culture has always been emphasized as product safety and quality is paramount at all times and so becoming the leading beauty company .LOreal culture tends to cover all aspects of beauty for all consumers. The customer oriented culture has thus allowed LOreal to distinguish itself from competitors like PG. Research and Development- LOreal invested merely around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬581 billion in 2008 as per (LOreal .com) so as to promote sustainable innovation and safer to products to its consumers. (B.2). EXTERNAL INFLUNCES Demographics- The demographic shifts really influence a companys products with the recent trends whereby ageing population in the western hemisphere, aspiring consumers in emerging markets and other trends all this but LOreal responded to this trends better than its rivals and as a reason to this being the only cosmetic group present in every distribution channel . Competition- Rivals such as Procter Gamble (PG) , Estee Lauder and Unilever have always had a fierce and cut-throat competition in the industry and as per Corbett (2004) who said that competition brings out the best in organisations and it certainly did with LOreal grabbing the most opportunities and winning over consumers hearts with new and innovative products. Political- Government rules and regulations always come into the picture and tend to change bring about a lot of changes and as well as in the 1970s where the French government wanted to control Frances top companies and because of this Gesparal was formed as holding company otherwise LOreal could have add problems because sometimes state run companies are lack inefficiency as well as innovation. Because of LOreal being a globalized company laws, rules , legislation and business practises vary in different countries and so LOreal faces the problem to try to adopt to various governmental rules in order for it to be favourable for the organisation Customer Tastes and Preferences Customers are seen as ever changing until they find one product which they prefer and become royal to the same applies in the beauty industry where consumers will jockey between brands but having notices all these LOreal designed products that meted every specific groups needs and wants as well s meeting up with the increasing demand of beauty of products in this decade and simply outsmarting its rivals. Social Influences- With the new trends and urban flairs changing around lifestyle plays a key role as well as the question of only celebrities are used in advertisements and so cannot relate to an ordinary woman in society keeps on posing s serious question. Economic- Cosmetics are normally considered as a luxury product well during times of a dismal economy LOreal could face the problem of lack of consumer demand and so try to look into other countries plans and policies to try lifted the country out of recession. Technological Business operates in a world of rapid technology and so LOreal has to keep up with the pace otherwise could lose its market position. Advances in technological methods has had a positive intake from the companies as it allows them to reduce product obsoleteness and so advances in production methods have created products with longer life spans.eg the creation of the express finish fast dry nail enamel really became popular having huge amounts of sale everywhere Globalization Has been the major driving factor to many of the external influences as it has allowed the spreading of production, communication and technologies. (C).HOW GLOBALISATION INFLUENCES POLICIES AND DECISION MAKING IN LOREAL The world we live in is a different place from what it was 30 years or 40 years ago this is simply been because of what writers like to call an invisible earthquake i.e. Globalisation. Therefore we are living in a world of increasing instantaneity and every individual is influenced by globalisation so what to speak about organisations especially like LOreal. Globalisation is the spread and connectedness of production, communication and technologies across the world that spread has involved the interlocking of economic and cultural activity. According to Held and McGrew (2007) globalisation is seen as a stretching of social, political and economic activities across political frontiers and therefore all this factors have to be included in the policies and decision making of LOreal. One major influence that would always change their decision making was going to be how LOreal would cope- up with the new markets and new customers as well as reflecting upon wide variations between countries and cultures in their concepts of beauty and levels of personal hygiene had to be really considered because as per Peppers and Rogers (2004) said that every customer is different in a market and therefore each customer needs and wants will differ and so LOreal had to adjust themselves and try meeting those needs if not they could end up losing out customers to their rivals. Therefore LOreal was trying to make sure that global plans are compatible with the rest of the markets across the world. Over the years a centralized decision making was supported but at the speed globalisation was going to decision making certainly had to become decentralized so as to allow faster decision to be made as well as to reduce the levels of authority because all organisations were going to function in a very pacing environment and if decisions took longer to make it could pose severe problems in the future Pathak (2005) also favoured the point that a decentralized decision system could also be the key to success in a globalised economy. Globalisation brings in new aspects of managing human capital and treating human capital as assets is the key to success as well therefore LOreal had changed their policies towards employees and not only that they tried developing employees skills and tests on a level not only of being profitable but creating successful business for the long term. Cherunilam (2007) said that technology has been the major driving force to globalisation and therefore once a technology is developed it soon becomes available everywhere in the world integrating this main function into the decision making process is crucial. The aspect of growing use of internet had to be considered and therefore after the growth in technology and users of internet LOreal had to change policies and start to create online stores where it was not a must for the customers to physically come to the store to purchase goods it could be done anywhere and so technology had to be encompassed in the decision making process. Globalisation is bound to bring in new international rules and regulations. LOreal decision to move into international markets tended to be really cautious to acquire new assets amidst and industry wide consolidation then underway in the world beauty industry. Because of this new rules and regulations it could take a long time before mergers and acquisitions could be finalized i.e. the acquisition of Kiehls took 3 years to finalise because it was under courtship therefore LOreal have to consider all the political laws and judicial precedents . Because of the emergence of the global village according to Griffiths (2008) it is the duty of every organisation to be a good corporate citizen and so he went on to outline the importances of any organisation to become a good corporate citizen and to take upon corporate social responsibility as its a growing importance to any organisation and if not practised by the organisation could lead to reduction in profits as well as customers therefore globalisation changes how an organisations aligns their values and behaviours with the expectations and needs of the stakeholders and therefore policies are certain to change because LOreal had to also be called accountable for their impact of activities on the society and the environment. Globalisation meant that social changes and lifestyles also had to be integrated in the decision making process i.e. The way stores were designed had to simply change and therefore new store designs were put into place and try to forge links either with the local community and so to be relevant to the customers. Increasing competition within the beauty industries is certainly going to bring out the best of all companies and therefore according to Lindstedt and Burenius (2003) the first step towards a profitable business is intelligent market segmentation, targeting and positioning. Increasing globalisation together with customer demands had to be watched carefully and careful segmentation and targeting had to be carried out so as to understand consumers needs if LOreal were to win over the hearts of customers therefore globalisation certainly placed major influences on policies and decision making in terms of how marketing would be carried out because LOreal was not only dealing with the French population it was dealing with over billions of people all around the world with different needs and desires thus LOreal would have to take markets and divide them into narrower and narrower segments .Although sustaining brand positioning was going to pose a difficult challenge but LOreal were up for the task that awaited them. Organisations have to change from a profit oriented culture to customer oriented culture if they wanted to succeed in a globalized village. Long term planning is not the goal with the pressures of globalisation therefore LOreal will have to move away from a traditional approach of long term planning i.e. for 10 years what has been to done is making plans so as to adopt or respond to the environmental changes as soon as possible i.e. coming up with new strategies have to worked out. (D). THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOREALS RESPONSE LOreal dint have an accessibly priced genuinely popular brand with a global potential which it could start selling to the rest of the world and that posed a problem and so we will now discuss how effective LOreal was in its response to Globalisation. And therefore LOreal set out to have a portfolio of products which was attractively priced proposition not just to fill the hole in any country but so as t go around the whole world and in all new markets. Marketing was going to be a key role in the globalisation process and so it did play its role LOreal started identifying areas on improvement and in marketing nothing more is important than informing your customers about your products and services as per Lee and Johnson (2005) and so LOreal started spending huge amounts on advertising e.g. after the acquisition of Maybelline which was having a few problems in that customers would saw Maybelline was something their mothers wore and so LOreal clearly applied their expertise and technology to improve Maybellines products , its marketing and it spent around $70 million in advertising as well as it had to change the tagline of the products. According to White (2007) a tagline plays an important persuasive role in a campaign and therefore LOreal shifted its tagline to because youre worth it and after the changes to the acquisition it gave LOreal the passport to enter even new markets. As a result of this LOreal established a reputation for quality among US products and was able to sell products for a higher price than its competitors. LOreal started with having an organisational structure, marketing strategy and culture well oriented to the fast growing global personal care market. The marketing campaigns were always successful for LOreal as they used high profile celebrities in its ad campaigns and thus able to enhance global image. According to Yang (2005) said that the selection of an appropriate channel of distribution is very important because of the association that is created between the image of the channel and that of the brand. And so LOreal improved on their distribution channels as they were going to reach out to more consumers then ever and therefore the concept of selling beauty through several channels of distribution was very carefully watched as it corresponded to economic levels as well as psychographic .And therefore it was a able to create a strong presence in every distribution channel of each division Consolidation is an important competitive strategy in the beauty industry and for LOreal to become a leader it would have to be the leader in the American beauty industry and so acquisition became an internal growth strategy that will help LOreal to expand product portfolio and revenues because being big in States meant you are big worldwide and so the over the years LOreal went onto purchase many of the big names in the American market so at to be a leader and added its magical touches on all of them so as to become a global leader the major companies LOreal bought in USA were Redken and as a result of purchasing Redken it gave them the ability to implement strategy of acquiring US brands to complement European brands also the purchase of Maybelline allowed LOreal to obtain 17% of share of the $2.3 billion U.S. mass cosmetics industry. Frensch (2007) said that acquisitions aimed to extend product lines are more likely to lead to synergies and that swat exactly was happening as LOrea l was able to cut production costs down rapidly. As well as to that the acquisition of the top two US ethnic hair care manufacturers Soft Sheen and Carson allowed LOreal to obtain 20% of the fragmented ethnic hair care market. The other major response was the acquisition of Kiehls and Matrix. Matrix was the leading US hair care brand in the professional market while Kiehls acquisition tended to strengthen LOreals position in the speciality store high end segment of the business where LOreal had not been an important player.Helena Rubinstein and Ralph Lauren Fragrances and Cosmair allowed them to fill up the portfolio of products as well. And that Lancà ´me and Garnier which were purchased in 1964 also had a major role in the globalisation process as sales from Europe came from Lancà ´me and Garnier. For a firm to prevail in the market an edge over rivals must be sustained as well as a customer orientation for manufacturing organisations according to Prasad (2009) and because of this LOreal had a strong commitment to Research and development that many consider still consider still to be the firms most distinctive values and advantage over its rivals. LOreal spent $600 million in the year in 2003 which allowed them to later on reduce costs of products and creation of new products like the most famous being the Garnier Fructis Shampoo. And that LOreal has a portfolio of more than 20,000 international patents. LOreal certainly had many strategies under their sleeves they tended to rebrand many of the products that were not performing well and the rebranding lead to increase in sales and increase n customers e.g. Rebranding Maybelline New York grew up sales by 93% as well as dropping a few brands but mainly was that LOreal was acquire new brands and developing those brands effectively. Helena was reintroduced in the market as a more up scaling product and that lead to increase in sales. After considering the competition LOreal tended to establish international brand management teams which were responsible for creating new products and developing market positions and strategies. Technology was embedded as an advantage and LOreal started setting up online stores and so customers could purchase any product any time thus convenient to them. As per Griffiths (2008) who said that every organisation must be a good corporate citizen and so did LOreal adopt to the Corporate Social responsibility approach really positively and one of its acquisitions i.e. Kiehls mission was very much CSR oriented whereby it was making profit as to improve the quality of the community to which it is committed. As result of the major acquisition by 2004 LOreal was enjoying its 19th consecutive year of double digit growth and also recorded over 18 global brands which have helped to strengthen customer brand loyalty. (E). AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT IN LOREALS RESPONSE LOreal being the leader in the beauty industry is always at risk of competition and therefore to still stay ahead of competition areas of improvement still have to be undertaken a few areas are going to be discussed. Strong competition from major rivals that include Proctor and Gamble ( P G) as well as Revlon could always strike an attack and therefore LOreal still has to constantly be innovative so as to maintain its market share and knowing that LOreal spends around $600 million in Research and Development as per the case companies such as Toyota although in another industry spends on average 1 million per hour in research and development as per (www.thetruthaboutcars.com) so as to deliver better products and services to its consumers similarly Proctor Gamble are said to invest around $ 5 million a day in research and development according to (www.pg.com) whereby PG believe one of their major reasons of success is the amounts they have spent on RD which have lead to innovations and at the end of the day with increasing sales market share will increase therefore for LOreal to still be a leader in the years to come it will have to invest heavily in Research and development so as to become more a nd more innovative than its rivals and simply stay ahead of the competition. Improvements in areas like Customer Relationship Management are essential because according to Sayer Bruce (2007) who said that customers are always changing and therefore these patterns must be watched carefully, therefore if LOreal will want to sustain its high performance in the beauty industry one way of doing that will be by sharpening knowledge of its customers through a better and efficient company- wide customer relationship management (CRM) management. Therefore they will surely have to become more customer focused because as competition increases business growth can be stunted by customer switching.CRM can be achieved by various ways in LOreal , the firm will have to identify divisions which already have a ideal customer foundation and once it has a fully integrated CRM system the knowledge can be gathered from different channels and segments according to values and behaviours and this will lead to an end to end process from consumer analysis and segmentation to creation , execution and measurement of the success of marketing campaigns. Production costs can still be lowered by LOreal as a result of the benefits it derives from economies of scale as we are told in the case it was able to produce mascaras for 20cents in its huge Little Rock plant and therefore areas in production can still be improved and thus the benefit being passed down to the consumers who will accept it with happiness. Lets not forget the danger the environment is faced with as a result of the risky chemicals components used in production and other areas as well i.e. toxic products which could soon pose a major problem not saying that LOreal is not doing anything at the issue in concern but if LOreal could promote policies on recycling, reducing their energy consumption , using green electricity and certainly reduce the use of volatile solvants so as to have an environmental policy that drives towards innovation. LOreal should also develop a new business strategy that will give them a better competitive advantage against Estee Lauder, PG maybe by going to segment and catering to a further range of ethnic groups and so try to apply a differentiation strategy and be successful Another area that still needs to be closely patched up is regarding its marketing strategy towards males because according to research shows that men are becoming increasingly concerned with their appearance and skin care and so it is an opportunity for LOreal to grip on before its rivals do. (F).CONCLUSION LOreal have been in the beauty industry for a hundred years and their reach to the peak of the mountain was slow and steady and very thoughtful as to be the global leader in the beauty industry problems are bound to show up from time to time and LOreal have been able to take the pressures faced from competition and globalisation aspects and tried to make the best out of them so as to be the King in the beauty industry but even though the journey does not end over here for LOreal as there still lies areas of improvement in the organisation so as to remain the King for the years to come. (G).REFERENCES Brooksbank, R.( 2002) Hot Marketing ,Cool Profits .Australia :Mc-Graw Hill. p.72-73 ,164-166. Cherunilam, F.( 2007) International Business: Text and Cases . 4th edition. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India . p.21 Corbett , M. E. ( 2004) The Outsourcing Revolution , Kaplan Publishing , p.8 Frensch, F.( 2007) The Social Scale Of Merger and Acquisition :DUV Gabler Edition Wissenschaft.p.45. Goldsmith,M. , Greenberg, C.L., Robertson,A. Hu-Chan , M (2003) Global Leadership: The Next Generation :Pearson Education Prentice Hall. P 11-13, 19, Griffiths, A. (2008) 101 Secrets to Building a Winning Business. Australia: Griffin Press. p.180. Held, D. McGrew, A. (2007)Globalization/Anti-Globalization: Beyond The Great Divide .2nd Edition. Cambridge: Polity Press. p.2. Lee, M. Johnson,C ( 2005)Principles of Advertising : A good Perspective . 2nd edition. Binghamton: Haworth Pres Lindstedt, P. Burenius, J.( 2003) The Value Model: How to Mater Product Development Create Unrivalled Customer Value. Sweden: Bimba. P.134-7. Pathak, J.( 2005) Information Technology Auditing : An evolving Agenda.p.88-90. Peppers,D. Rogers, M. (2004) Managing Customer Relationships: A Strategic Framework. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. p.10. Prasad, K .(2009) Strategic Management : Text and Cases. New Delhi. Prentice Hall India. P.188. Ray , L.J. (2007) Globalization and everyday Life .New York :Routledge. P.1 Sayer , J, N. Williams, Bruce ( 2007) Lean for Dummies .Indiana. Wiley Publishing Company. p.28. White, A.W.( 2006) Advertising design and typography .New York: All Worth Press. p . 188. Yang, K.( 2005) Design for Six Sigma for Service :Mc-Graw Hill p.220-222. Web References http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE61E20C20100215 July 24th 2010 http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/html/sustainable-development/chairman-and-ceo/our-vision-for-the-future.aspx July 26th 2010 http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/html/company/pdf/code_of_ethics_us.pdf July 24th 2010 http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/html/sustainable-development/loreals-commitments/research-development.aspx July 24th 2010 http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2002/09/30/329290/index.htm July 26th 2010 http://blogs.saschina.org/christine02px2010/case-study-body-shop-2/ July 24th 2010 http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/does-toyota-really-spend-one-million-dollars-per-hour-on-safety/ August 3rd 2010 http://www.pg.com/jobs/corpinfo/consboss.shtml August 3rd 2010 http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/pdf/RDD_2008_SuppliersRelation.pdf July 24th 2010 (H). BIBLIOGRAPHY Bauman, Z. (2000), Globalization: The Human Consequences, Cambridge: Polity Press Gray, J. (2002), False Dawn. The Delusions of Global Capitalism, London: Revised edition , Granta Publications Hutton, W. (2003), The World Were In, Abacus Mittelman J (2001) The Globalization Syndrome: Transformation and Resistance, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Stiglitz, J. (2003), Globalization and Its Discontents, London: Penguin Books Scholte, J. (2005), Globalization: a Critical Introduction, Basingstoke: 2nd edition Palgrave Macmillan

Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain :: essays research papers

It is my opinion that the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain should be taught in schools because this book is very well written and can teach many lessons. I think that the people in today's world, or maybe just the USA, try to be censor and shelter the children. I think that it is wrong to censor things, this book is supposedly wrong because it says the word nigger a lot and has death in it. I think that although the word nigger was used frequently in this book it showed the separation between the slaves and the owners and how Huck overcame this separation and saw through the societies views on niggers . Racism is now a very big issue but when the book was written African Americans didn't have the rights they have today and racism didn't exist. Twain wrote this book not having to worry about racism. In our day and time they want to censor out the words like nigger but that really would be wrong because it wouldn't be realistic, people need to know what it was truly like. Sheltering people from the truth Is the worst thing you can do. If kids don't learn about how slavery was then they won't truly understand where racism comes from. In the book there is much violence. "It's a dead man. Yes, indeedy naked, too. He's been shot in de back."(pg. 50) The book is better with violence because it becomes more interesting to the reader. It becomes more of a real life situation than just a fairy tale world where nothing goes wrong, because in real life things do go wrong and people do get shot and killed. It is hard to read these kinds of things with death that are gruesome but it helps form feelings for the characters. Also it was necessary for them to find the dead man so that Huck didn't have to worry about pap taking his money. In the scene where Jim finds pap we learn more about Jim and that he is a sensitive person and was cautious not to upset Huck by letting him see pap's body. Many people could have been offended by the stereotypes in this book. For example, "I see it warn't no use wasting words—you can't learn a nigger to argue."(pg. 78) In this example Huck stereotypes Jim as being a stupid nigger that can't learn anything.

Assess the Contribution of Functionalism to Our Understanding of Families and Households

Contributing what they have to offer to families and households is something that functionalists seem to do in a variety of ways. Functionalism is a consensus theory (as stated in Item A). This means that it argues society is built on a consensus, or a general agreement amidst members on how society should be ordered and organised. They believe that family is one of the pivotal social institutions (which are parts in society involved in the socialisation process) along with mass media, education and peer group). Functionalism looks at the family functions and jobs that they perform.The functionalist George Murdock believes that the nuclear family is universal, therefore meaning that it’s found worldwide, and that is the best family type/institution for performing the 4 functions that functionalists believe are the foundations of successful families. Sexual function (Staying with one sexual partner and fulfilling their sex drive, this is beneficial as it avoids conflict. ) Econ omic function (administering food and shelter for members of your family, this is positive as it protects them and keeps them healthy). Reproductive function (Delivering the future generation, beneficial so that humans don’t die out).Educational function (Whereby you teach your offspring the norms and values in society this being profitable as your children will then be accepted into things such as education and will begin the education process of further things). A strength of Murdock’s effort implies how the nuclear family operates functions to benefit both the individuals and society. This means that it is positive for everyone, and has a gratifying effect on everyone. However a weakness would be that he also ignores that other families (such as step families, extended families etc. ).This means that he doesn’t take into account that they can also perform some of the functions. This is negative because it suggests that his ideas aren’t completely thoro ugh or fair. Talcott Parsons disputes that there is such thing as a ‘functional fit’ (the idea that the functions the family performs and the dominant type of family in a society are shaped by the needs of that society) between society and the family, and depending on the type of society the family is in, that has an effect on the shape the family takes (for example, what type the family is, nuclear, etc. ). So the family changes as society does.Parsons claims that the main type of family in pre-industrial society was the extended family, which is groups of people either related by marriage, blood, or adoption that’s outside the nuclear family; it can be extended vertically via grandparents etc. or horizontally (aunties, uncles, etc. ) However the main type of family in industrial society is the nuclear family (which is parents and children). Parson also believes that there is such thing as social mobility where your family can easily move around the class system ; however this can cause conflict, due to ascribed and achieved statuses your family.For example, a child gets a higher job than one of its parents (i. e. plumber and doctor). To prevent this conflict, the 2nd generation moves out to start their own nuclear family. Another mobility would be geographical mobility, whereby you can move around more easily due to the family only being small. Another thing Parson believes is that over time family has lost functions due to other social institutions, such as the education function, whereby before the kids would stay at home, and the parents would teach them things they thought were important (i. . mothers- daughters cooking etc. fathers- sons hunting). However the family still performs two functions:Primary socialisation, this is where you learn norms and values off your parents, and stabilisation of adult personalities, (aka the â€Å"warm bath theory) this is where the family is classed as a place to relax and de-stress after work. A st rength of Parson’s ideas is that it shows how the families change to meet the means and needs of society. This means that is can account for things such as how the families do change and patterns for the change.An example of what it backs up would be the organic analogy (the idea that social institutions are the organs to keep us going and that the people are the skin). This is positive because it gives us a deeper understanding on family. However a weakness of Parson’s beliefs would be that it only looks at the middle class, American families. This means you cannot generalize it to anyone out of those categories. It also is historically incorrect and thinks woman should be homemakers, yet men need to work.This is negative because again it isn’t as detailed and explained as it should be in order for us be able to accept it. Concluding, Parson’s and Murdock’s ideas suggest how the family functions and how it benefits society and family members, yet it ignores the negative aspects of family life such as child abuse or violence to men/women. There are also other conflicts between other ideas such as Marxists believing that the family only benefits the working class, and feminists believe that families only benefit men.

The new Age of Science essays

The new Age of Science essays Time is passing by us and new scientists are developing new theories and ideas. New discoveries are being made on the atom that show it is more complex than anyone expected. One of the well known Polish-born French scientists is Marie Curie. She is presently experimenting with radioactivity and has found that the atoms of certain elements, such as radium and uranium spontaneously release charged particles. As she and other scientists study radioactivity further, they are proving that atoms are not solid and invisible. She has won two Nobel peace prizes, one in physics and one in chemistry. Her fame is growing worldwide and she is one of the most respected scientists today. German-Born Physicist Albert Einstein is expanding his theories of relativity. To date, Einstein is debating that measurements of space, are not absolute, but are determined by many factors. Some of us believe that he may be wrong in what he says, some believe he is absolutely correct. With his brilliance , he is developing equations such as E=mc (energy equals mass times the speed of light squared.) His books are currently being published and are cathcing. Einstein is even debating the laws of Newton. Many people and scientists say that he is a complete genius and that we can expect big things from him in the future. All in all science is changing rapidly and is much different than we have seen before. We can expect to see great things, not only from Marie Curie and Albert Einstein, but other new and rising scientists. ...

An Imprint For eternity essays

An Imprint For eternity essays You gasp for air as you run to take cover behind a tree. You slump against the rough bark to gather your energy for the next wave of soldiers. As you place your hand on the moist soil, you feel a cool liquid swallow your hand. You look down and glance at a pool of blood, in the center lay a lifeless young boy, whose life was tragically cut short. In Americas rode to becoming a unified nation, an inevitable war broke out. The Civil War, which contained one of bloodiest one-day battles, resulted in over 620,000 deaths not including African Americans, in a span of four years. This war was not the cause of one conflict but many over numerous years. The major cause of the Civil War was due to the different opinions on slavery. The Northern states, which soon became the Union, believed slavery was inhuman, while the Southern states, which seceded from the United States and became the Confederacy, believed that it was their right to have slaves. Harriet Beecher Stowe, a freed African American woman, wrote a book Uncle Toms Cabin. This book was about a horrible slave owner who beat his slaves. This started a commotion in the South. Slave owners began denying allegations of the mistreatment of their slaves. A heated debate began between the North and South. The North saying that slavery should be abolished, that the mistreatment has gone on long enough, and the South still denying and wanting. The quarrels between the North and South led to many short-term resolutions. One of these resolutions was the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter the United States as a slave state, and Maine as a free state, to maintain the slave to free state balance. The only problem with this idea was that years later, Americans would want to expand and move west. While moving west, their ideas and beliefs would follow. Thus the struggle to maintain slave to free state balance would become an even larger dilemma. ...

Estoppel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Estoppel - Essay Example If the other party makes a decision based on the untruthful second statement and a lawsuit ensues, they can claim an estoppel in court against the plaintiff. In order for the estoppel to be considered valid, however, the defendant needs to demonstrate damages stemming from the untruthful statement. For example, if a landlord tells a tenant that he or she only owes half of the monthly rent because of repairs, the tenant can reasonably treat that as a statement of fact. He or she may write a check for half of the normal monthly rent and assume he or she is in good standing. If the landlord later decides to sue the tenant for not paying the entire amount of the lease, the tenant may claim an estoppel in court. The landlord's verbal agreement to accept half payment should have been recognized as binding, even if the original lease was not changed. The tenant had a reasonable right to change his rent payments based on a perceived truth. An estoppel is generally a defensive move, not a first strike. The plaintiff in a case can claim a number of reasons why the defendant should honour a contract or pay damages, for example. The defence must demonstrate that the plaintiff's own statements go against established facts in order to claim an estoppel. There must also be evidence that the defendant based his actions strictly on the reliance of truth and that he suffered damages because of it. Enforcement of an estoppel is generally left up to the discretion of the individual judge hearing the case. TYPES OF ESTOPPEL Equitable estoppel A type of estoppel that bars a person from adopting a position in court those contradict his or her past statements or actions when that contradictory stance would be unfair to another person who relied on the original position. For example, if a landlord agrees to allow a tenant to pay the rent ten days late for six months, it would be unfair to allow the landlord to bring a court action in the fourth month to evict the tenant for being a week late with the rent. The landlord would be estopped from asserting his right to evict the tenant for late payment of rent. Estoppel by deed A type of estoppel that prevents a person from denying the truth of anything that he or she stated in a deed, especially regarding who has valid ownership of the property. For example, someone who grants a deed to real estate before he actually owns the property can't later go back and undo the sale for that reason if, say, the new owner strikes oil in the backyard. Estoppel by silence A type of estoppel that prevents a person from asserting something when she had both the duty and the opportunity to speak up earlier, and her silence put another person at a disadvantage. For example, Edwards' Roofing Company has the wrong address and begins ripping the roof from Betty's house by mistake. If Betty sees this but remains silent, she cannot wait until the new roof is installed and then refuse to pay, asserting that the work was done without her agreement. Promissory estoppel A type of estoppel that prevents a person who made a promise from reneging when someone else has reasonably relied on the promise and will suffer a loss if the promise is broken. For example, Forrest tells Antonio to go ahead and buy a boat without a motor, because he will sell Antonio an old boat motor at a very reasonable price. If Antonio relies on Forrest's

Promotional marketing portfolio that include examples of promotional Coursework

Promotional marketing portfolio that include examples of promotional activity in your chosen sector - Coursework Example While evaluating the promotion activities of the three brands of chocolate under perspective in this study, it is important to consider their quality, price, market coverage and standard features so that their competitive advantages are in alignment. The information reported ion this portfolio was collected by consulting with a wide range of sources such as magazines where the chocolates are promoted, the social media, billboards, analysis of the market and prices in the stores to identify price variation over a period of time. Discounts are used to promote chocolates by diversifying the prices and products so as to enable them reach as many people as possible. This is done by differentiating brands and prices among milk chocolate bar, crispy white chocolate bar, crispy crunch bars, darkly divine plain chocolate, double milk chocolate and divine mini eggs. Divine chocolate promotes its products through Joint partnership with other companies such as Sainsbury and Christian Aid supporters. Many stores stocked their chocolates after partnership as they were able to make nationwide supplies. The UK market is served by their retail stores and outlets such as Christian Aid, Comic Relief and The Body Shop. This opened a wide coverage for divine chocolate as it offered a new and fairer product than what most people were used to. Promotion of Divine chocolate is done through offering free samples for people to taste them before making their choices. Samples are offered in stores, malls and in the supermarkets where people frequent a lot so as to attract a huge traffic of people. Sampling and tasting is very effective is ensuring increased sales. Divine chocolate provide fair chocolate which is environment friendly compared to other chocolates in the market. These appeal to majority of people who are interested in ethically products and green